![]() The number and type of abnormal blood cells also dictate the kind and severity of symptoms Since different types of blood cells have unique functions, PNH could affect individuals in many different ways, with a wide spectrum of symptoms.The white blood cells are involved in immune function, and hence, there are reports of the abnormal white blood cells attacking the red blood cells (autoimmune process) in PNH as well The defective bone marrow also leads to abnormalities in other blood types, such as white blood cells and blood platelets.So, when GPI anchor is defective or missing, ‘complement’ is unable to bind to the cell surface, leading to destruction of the red blood cells When GPI anchor molecules are present on red blood cells, they interact with a component of the immune system known as ‘complement’. This gene is responsible for the synthesis of an anchor molecule known as GPI. The chief cause of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria is a mutation of a gene called PIG-A, in the blood-generating bone marrow stem cells of an individual. ![]() Individuals with aplastic anemia and those having undergone immunosuppressant therapy for the same, are the only risk factors reported for acquiring Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. ![]() About 30% of PNH cases arise from aplastic anemia - either in those with aplastic anemia or after being treated for the condition
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